Robotics I Honors Practice Exam

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• The Cartesian coordinate system is used to locate positions on an X/Y grid.
• Robots may be controlled using which programming languages?
• True or False: Dataflow concepts means that changing the value of a variable forces the recalculation of the values which depend on its value.
• What is the four-finger gripper type that closes with opposing fingers?
• Which statement best describes a robot?
• Which option describes valid mounting options for industrial robots?
• Which robot system includes end effectors, grippers, joints, wheels, gears, bearings, and powertrain components that enable movement?
• 3D LADAR builds a 3D view by sending and receiving laser signals and measuring the time it takes for the light to flash out and back.
• Getting input from sensors in a control loop is typically required.
• A linear incremental encoder counts signals and correlates them to distance.
• True or False: Pushbuttons and keypads may be used for incremental control of robot motion.
• Which of these is NOT one of the early robots?
• Which organization developed and continues to work on real-time stereo vision for 3-D perception for vehicles?
• Which item best describes technology typically required to run simulations?
• An acoustic positioning system measures position relative to a framework of baseline stations using transmitted and received acoustic signals.
• ______ robots can work from an overhead grid. Also known as gantry robots, this type of robot is an accurate, quick solution for material handling applications.
• Which situation describes an open-loop system's behavior under a heavy load?
• True or False: Cylinders can be used in both hydraulic and pneumatic systems for movement.
• A continuous rotation servo motor is designed to rotate less than 360 degrees.
• When finished servicing equipment or a robot, is it important to replace covers and follow safety protocols to put the machine back in service?
• The __________ is composed of programs made up of commands or code that is written using a language such as Basic, C, or Assembler.
• Which of the following is a part of the fundamental steps used in robot control?
• Which of these is NOT a robot?
• Which of the following is listed as an advantage of stepper motors?
• True or False: A cable must be used to connect a teach pendant to a robot.
• Which device is used to monitor the rotational speed of a motor shaft?
• Which sensor is commonly used to measure wheel or joint position?
• Which statement best describes servo motors in robotics?
• 3D LADAR uses time-of-flight measurement to create a 3D view.
• In electrical wiring, higher current requires larger conductor size.
• How does an incremental optical encoder track position?
• Which statement best describes a feature of a stepper motor?
• Which footwear is required in labs to reduce injury?
• Which system is primarily for exchanging information with humans and is also used to exchange information with other robots and machines?
• Which of these is the name of a UAV?
• Which statement about closed-loop control under disturbance is true?
• A ____________ is an electronic device that is often hand-held that allows an operator to control and program a robot.
• Which robot system is responsible for enabling movement and mobility and is a key component in the robot’s design?
• Which statement about autonomous robots is most accurate?
• Which groups use simulations?
• Which statement best describes a hallmark of closed-loop control design?
• Which sensor is not typically used to detect distance?
• Which of the following applies to pushbuttons and keypads in robot control?
• Underwater ROVs are often positioned and controlled by using
• Which of these is NOT one of the original laws of robotics?
• Which statement is true about how robots are controlled?
• The first computer to beat a human in a game of chess.
• Which technology is commonly used to provide global coordinates for marine robotics and aiding navigation?
• What type of control method provides a graphic display with items that look like parts of a robot or special symbols?
• Compared to a rubber wheel, a smooth plastic wheel generally produces less friction.
• True or False: Pressure sensors are used to tell when a robot is under stress.
• In a differential drive system, how would you turn the robot to the left?
• Cameras and software that provide 3D sensing are used as robot vision systems.
• Which robot system is associated with protection from environmental elements, analogous to skin or exterior coverings?
• Which statement about closed-loop control is NOT true?
• Which robot system consists of electronic devices and the wiring used to connect the devices to the computing system or specialized controllers?
• Open-loop control is best described by which statement?
• If you were creating a 3D model, which software would you most likely use?
• What is the term for a device that detects a collision?
• An important consideration when selecting a power transmission drive is
• True or False: A simulation is a representation of reality that you can interact with as if it were real.
• In a program, when there is a need for a particular set of tasks to be performed more than once, those instructions are often written into a ________________.
• Rotary optical encoders typically use what to detect position?
• Which shape is used to indicate a process step in a flow diagram?
• What is the most important action for an industrial robot technician to take?
• Which type of gripper can grip irregularly shaped objects from inside or outside?
• Batteries can power DC motors.
• True or False: A power train is made up of all the components from the power source to the final driven element.
• Which joint rotates around an axis or center point?
• One common method of making decisions in programming is using...
• Which line in a program describes a note for the programmer and does not affect execution?
• Stepper motors typically require a large number of pulses per revolution.
• Which statement about robotic tool changers is NOT true?
• What are comment lines in a program?
• True/False: Safety is not one of the considerations used when controlling industrial robot motion.
• In robotics, DNA refers to which of the following?
• In robotics, which coordinate system is used to locate positions on a two-dimensional plane?
• Biomimetics is the science of mimicking nature.
• Robotic sensors can act like human senses, including sight, hearing, smell, and touch.
• Which of the following shapes is not generally used in a flow diagram?
• An end effector or device that can detect a crash before or during a collision is called
• Which gear type is used to change the direction of rotation between shafts that meet at an angle?
• Which of the following is NOT an example of robots used in medicine?
• True or False: Variables are a symbolic name given to some known or unknown quantity or value, for the purpose of allowing the name to be used independently of the value it represents.
• If a 1 HP motor at 120 V draws 6.21 A, then a 1.5 HP motor at 120 V would draw approximately between 9 and 10 A.
• Which statement best describes pseudo code?
• Which component category includes joints, wheels, gears, and bearings that enable movement?
• Rodney Brooks is best known for which achievement?
• Direct drive motors frequently use rare earth magnetic materials to increase performance.
• Which robot system is used to generate motion by converting stored energy into movement?
• What is the role of sensors in robotics control loops?
• Which statement about a control loop is true?
• Torque is the rotational force.
• Which statement about robot control best characterizes its role?
• Which system distributes energy through wires to power the robot?
• Which statement about safety in industrial robot motion control is accurate?
• In 1968, who gave a presentation about e-mail, hypertext, word processing, video conferencing, and the mouse?
• Which computer is historically credited as the first to beat a human in chess?
• There is a relationship between inventors who develop machines, manufacturing, and the need for technical expertise to repair and maintain those intricate systems. Which statement best describes this?
• RMF factor calculation: Suppose you want a 7 lb robot to have a speed of 5 ft/sec and accelerate at 3 ft/sec^2. Using the formula mass x acceleration x velocity (2 x Pi), what is approx RMF?
• Mechanical finger gripers are the most common type of gripper used to grasp objects
• True or False: In 3D CAD with simulation, models can be rotated on the screen to view from any desired angle.
• Velocity is calculated by diameter of wheel x Pi x PRM.
• If a 1 HP motor operating at 120 volts is (746/120) = 6.21 amps, then you would expect a 1.5 HP motor operating at 120 volts to require approx _____ amps.
• Which shape indicates flow direction in a flow diagram?
• Which type of joint rotates around an axis or center point when attached to a gripper?
• If you were shopping for robotics simulator software, which would NOT be a choice?
• Which gripper would be best for handling eggs?
• The fundamental steps that robots often follow as part of being controlled are:
• For applications requiring reach far beyond its base, which robot types are suitable?
• A 100 watt light bulb draws how much current at 100 volts?
• A robot with 6 joints has how many DOF?
• An advantage of a stepper motor and reason for its popularity is
• True or False: Because robots have a computer, they have no need for internal sensors.
• Which practice best promotes safety when operating robotics in a lab?
• True or False: All robots understand and follow the same language.
• True or False: Human DNA is composed of a defined set of components that form patterns, and it is the patterns which give them meaning.
• The commutator is stationary.
• What is a simple type of sensor used to detect contact with an object?
• Which statement accurately describes a universal joint?
• Which of these camera systems are not used on the Predator?
• Which sequence best describes a typical control loop operation?
• In a two-wheel differential drive robot, if both wheels move forward at the same speed, what is the robot's motion?
• A telemanipulator device is not controlled remotely by a human operator.
• What device is used to monitor rotational speed?
• Which robot type requires only movement back and forth in a straight line to pick up and move objects along a path from one position to another?
• Telepresence means 'feeling like you are somewhere'.
• Programming is used to control the operation of computer, robot, or other technical device.
• Many motors are protected against burnout by using a _______.
• Which of the following is NOT a Mars rover?
• Horsepower measures the rate at which work is done.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is to be worn when working with any hazardous chemicals or compounds. Which of these is NOT PPE?
• An open-loop control system is characterized by which of the following?
• What device receives information and makes decisions and then operates a motor based on the data?
• A brushless DC motor requires a commutator to operate.
• Horsepower is the measurement used for defining the work done in a period of time.
• In dataflow programming, when a value changes, what happens to dependent values?
• True or False: A concept presented by a dominant team member can win out over one that is technologically superior.
• Which statement best describes the primary purpose of robotics simulation?
• Which statement is a benefit of using 3D CAD with simulation?
• An actuator converts energy into mechanical motion.
• Which organization is associated with safety standards and safety training?
• Which robot system gathers information about the environment, analogous to the human senses?
• Which statement best describes the integration of 3D CAD and simulation?
• BEAM robots primarily use simple analog circuits instead of microprocessors.
• An acoustic positioning system relies on the transmission and reception of acoustic signals to determine position.
• Actuators are like the _____ of the human body.
• The technology that made it possible to coordinate movement of ROVs anywhere in the world was
• If you think it is not safe, then ______.
• Duty Cycle refers to
• Which gripper is used to pick up a large variety of metallic materials that contain iron such as hot iron parts, bottle caps, and mechanical parts?
• A teach pendant is described as?
• Which device is not commonly used to control motors?
• Many underwater ROVs began from engineering at NASA.
• True or False: An interface language is converted into the language understood by the microcontroller chips by an Interpreter.
• Which gripper looks similar to the end of a drill motor used to grasp drill bits?
• What are the two main categories of optical encoders?
• Pseudo code is almost programming - where the programmer figures out how the robot components are controlled to make steps happen.
• Which of the following is a typical drawback of open-loop control?
• True or False: Federal law requires that teach pendants have no more than 7 push buttons for safety reasons.
• Which term describes a gripper that expands to grip irregular shapes?
• Which statement describes reasons to use simulation?
• Which naming convention is not commonly used for axes in 3D CAD?
• In a differential drive system, if the left wheel moves backward and the right wheel moves forward, the robot will:
• A tachometer is used to monitor the rotational speed of the motor shaft.
• True or False: A pick and place robot can use rotary motion as part of its mechanism.
• Which of the following is an example of a typical robot actuator?
• How many steps are required for a 3.6 degree stepper motor to make a full rotation?
• Autonomous motion is motion that ___
• The human hand has how many degrees of freedom (DOFs)?
• Which robot type rotates around joints and is associated with polar coordinates?
• Biomimetics is best described as which of the following?
• Which of the following is NOT commonly listed as a basic robot motion type?
• Most robots designed today do not have AI and rely on sensors and programming.
• Which robot type is most associated with multiple rotary joints used for versatile movement?
• The power train may include which of the following components?
• Sensors do not need to be calibrated.
• The first U.S. industrial robots were developed for which company?
• An advantage of a stepper motor is it can achieve accurate position control without position feedback.
• An autonomous UGV is capable of operating only on paved roads.
• An optical encoder can measure rotary position.
• True or False: The power drive train of a robot can only be made of soft, flexible materials.
• If the voltage goes up, the size of the wire must also increase.
• Which of these is NOT a safety rule to follow with robots?
• The speed of a pulse width modulated motor increases as the frequency of the pulses increases.
• Autonomous motion depends on sensors that provide information about the robot's environment.
• True or False: Robots do not help drive down costs for electronics such as cell phones, TVs, DVD players, and computers.
• Which device is commonly used to interact with an interface language?
• Which statement about feedback in motor control is true?
• Which statement about autonomous UGV capabilities is most accurate?
• In a robotic control loop, which component processes sensor data and drives the motor?
• Which of the following is a common type of gear?
• Which robot system is used to convert stored energy into motion?
• Which sensors are used to detect changes in light level and color?
• A robot may use internal sensors to sense which of the following?
• A motor is protected against burnout by using an over current protection device.
• True or False: Acoustical sensors are used to detect sound.
• Torque is calculated by distance x force.
• Which of these is not commonly a part of the power transmission system?
• Which device would be used to measure linear displacement along a straight line?
• In pulse width modulation, motor speed is controlled by monitoring a compact break on the motor shaft.
• Bevel Gears are used to change the direction of rotation between shafts that meet at an angle.
• Open-loop control is defined as a system that does not use feedback to adjust its output.
• Which device is used to shut down a robot by removing power when a person enters a robot work area?
• In robotics, DOF stands for which of the following?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between safety and production goals?
• An analog-to-digital converter (A/D) converts an electrical signal to a number to be read by a computer.
• Which device is used to measure rotational speed?
• Which sensor type is used to measure pressure or force?
• Which term describes adjusting a sensor's output to align with known reference values?
• An example of state information that a robot program may track is...
• True or False: Calculating gear ratios is not important when working with motors.
• True or False: Simulation provides experience without the cost, dangers, and inconvenience of real-world environments.
• What is Moore's Law?
• Which statement best describes a differential drive system?
• How do IR, Sonar, Laser, and Radar sensors detect objects?
• A pick and place robot never has rotary motion.
• 3D sensing cameras and software used as robot vision systems were originally developed for which program?
• Which statement about open-loop control is true?
• True or False: Robotics simulation software creates a virtual robot, capable of emulating the motion of an actual robot in a real work envelope.
• Which of these is not a common part of a DC motor?
• End effectors are where the work occurs and robot interacts with its environment.
• What does an analog-to-digital converter output?
• Which statement is true about the first U.S. robots?
• All languages follow the exact same syntax that tells how commands are formulated.
• Which type of control is more robust to disturbances?
• Which robot type is typically used for high-speed, clean operation on a small work cell with a pedestal mount?
• Which robot system houses the microcontroller or microprocessor and is used to control the robot?
• Which of these connection methods are not used to wirelessly control a robot?
• Which of these is not commonly a part of a typical rotary optical encoder?
• The power drive train of a robot may contain which of the following?
• SCARA stands for which of the following acronyms?
• Which of the following is a robotic application in medicine?
• Which statement best describes subsumption architecture?
• Industrial robots must move heavy loads over long distances to be useful.
• Which of the following is a reason for controlling robots?
• NASA's early work contributed to underwater ROV development.
• A telemanipulator device is controlled remotely by a human operator.
• True or False: Robots cannot sense noise.
• BEAM robotics primarily rely on which type of circuitry?
• Which statement about degrees of freedom is true?
• ____________ is a common type of gear.
• OSHA stands for which organization?
• Which component is typically used to convert electrical energy into linear motion in robotics?
• True or False: Simulators are used to explore and design robot movement, control, and operation.
• A common method of converting rotary motion to linear motion is using ____________.
• Pseudo code is a high-level description used to outline the logic before coding.
• Which of the following is a hexapodal robot named Genghis?
• Incremental optical encoders track position by counting what?
• During maintenance, the priority is to ensure safety.
• In a differential drive robot, what is the primary effect of putting different speeds on the left and right wheels?
• This person invented the first microprocessor at Intel.
• Telepresence means 'feeling like you are somewhere'.
• Which device can detect the presence of a magnet?
• Which type of gripper picks up a large variety of iron-containing metals such as hot iron parts, bottle caps, and mechanical parts?
• ________ refers to how many object has been adapted for grasping or holding
• Which is a key advantage of closed-loop control?
• Which type of gripper uses suction to pick up items?
• Which sensors are used to sense changes in inclination?
• Gear ratio: A small gear with 20 teeth connects to a large gear with 60 teeth. The shaft connected to the larger gear will ____________.
• What is a common risk when mobile or autonomous robots operate in a lab?
• A robot end effector with three translational and three rotational degrees of freedom has how many DOFs in total?
• Which agency is responsible for occupational safety and health regulations?
• Which statement about sensors in closed-loop control is true?
• What is the name and who invented the first industrial robot?
• The shape used to indicate a decision in a flow diagram is a ____________.
• Which abilities does a fully autonomous UGV have?
• ____ robots are generally faster and cleaner than comparable Cartesian systems. Their single pedestal mount requires a small footprint. Its arm is rigid in the Z-axis and pliable in the XY-axes.
• Which component would most directly convert angular position to a digital count?
• The power transmission system is primarily responsible for which function?
• Which is not a current common method used to give commands to a robot?
• If you see someone operating a machine in an unsafe manner, what should you do?
• Power and strength are the most important aspects of robots; control is not important.
• Artificial Intelligence has nothing to do with the ability to control motion based upon experience and learned behaviors.
• Which robot system distributes energy through wires and handles electricity flow?
• Which of these means doing work at a distance?
• Autonomous robots safety practice? Which of these is a safety practice to follow with autonomous robots?
• Which statement is NOT a characteristic of a robot?
• ___ robots have two straight components joined by a joint - similar to the human forearm and upper arm joined by the elbow.
• Which type of sensor is commonly used to detect the distance to an object?
• True or False: An autonomous robot operates without pre-programmed behaviors and without supervision from humans.
• Most robots designed today do not have AI, instead they use sensors and programming to make decisions.
• Which statement about DOF is NOT true?
• Interference from other sources that can cause a sensor to not work properly is called ____.
• A transducer converts light, heat, or electrical energy into an electrical signal.
• In controlling robot motion, the two key objectives are to control speed and distance.
• Stepper motors require many pulses per revolution; what is a practical implication?
• ____ robots pick up an object, rotate, and then places the object.
• A strain gauge can measure the force of pressure placed on an object or a change in weight.
• Which of these is NOT a safety device that should be available in labs?
• True or False: Joysticks are always preferred in industrial robot controls for their degrees of freedom.
• Which tool is used with 3D CAD for inputting measurements?
• Subsumption architecture uses a layered design with multiple processors.
• True or False: There are robots that move like insects.
• A switch produces only On and Off states and is thus considered binary.
• It's predicted that by 2024 autonomous vehicles will be capable of driving in any environment where humans can drive.
• Which robot system functions like the brain and spinal cord, housing the computing that controls the robot?
• Which of the following items are considered safety devices that should be available in labs?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the standard independent positions or rotations used to describe DOFs in 3D space?
• BEAM Robotics stands for which set of words?
• Which robot system is described as providing the framework for mounting components and being rugged and mass-produced?
• End effectors are also known as
• True or False: Variables are never used to pass information to a subroutine.
• The primary function of an optical encoder is to provide position information.
• Which term best describes a symbolic name used for a value in programming?
• Which device is commonly used to monitor rotational position of a motor shaft?
• Which statement about DC motor components is true?
• True/False: A smooth plastic wheel generally produces more friction than a rubber wheel.
• What is the purpose of a universal joint?
• True/False: Traction is the maximum frictional force that can be produced between surfaces without slipping.
• A special type of motor used to drive many robots is called a ________.
• Which of these is NOT an injury that can occur when working with robots?
• Which federal agency regulates safety practices and provides safety training?
• The armature of a DC motor depends on a magnetic field for motion.
• End effectors are the devices at the end of a robotic arm that interact with the environment.
• Which sensor is used to measure rotation or position of joints and wheels?
• Which robot type is synonymous with Cartesian coordinates for straight-line motion in X, Y, and Z?
• True or False: Spur gears are generally more efficient than helical gears.
• True or False: Every programming language has its own rules about how subroutines are named and how they are called.
• Which of the following is an application of robotics?
• Which of the following is an example of a robot?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship among voltage, current, and horsepower?
• The dimensions used in 3D CAD are often referenced as
• Which of these are the robots that explored Mars?
• A position encoder is used to detect the location of an actuator and send a signal to a controller.
• Pick and place is __________.
• Which statement about decision making in a control loop is true?
• The term that refers to how many objects have been adapted for grasping or holding is called?
• Who wrote the three laws of a robot?
• In a DC motor, which statement about the commutator is true?
• Which description best matches a subroutine?
• True or False: Joysticks are not used in industrial robot controls because they don´t provide enough degrees of freedom.
• In a control loop, sensor feedback is used to compare the actual output to the desired output.
• Which robot type typically has a single vertical axis and two parallel planar joints, providing fast, clean movements suitable for assembly?
• Which of these are fundamental things that everyone can do to maintain a safe work environment?
• Which term describes a robot arm designed for high precision in assembly tasks with planar motion?
• True or False: An interface language is a specific language created by the robot manufacturer to operate the robot - often used on a teach pendant or PC.
• Which type of sensor uses light to track position?
• True or False: Proximity sensors can count the number of proximate objects in the air.
• Real-time stereo vision for 3-D perception is associated with which application area?
• Which early robot was capable of playing the organ?
• A military classification of ROVs is
• Which statement about flow diagrams is true?
• The largest application area for new robot orders in 2010 was ________________.
• True or False: Internal sensors can sense battery capacity.
• Which component is used to detect light levels?
• Which robot is noted for being good for working with smaller sized parts?
• Which of the following is commonly considered part of the hardware in robot construction?
• Which author is famous for formulating the three laws of robotics?
• True or False: All programming languages ignore punctuation, parentheses, brackets, and curly braces.
• One of the most common types of robots stand in one spot to assemble, weld, pack or fill items.
• The action to be taken in a program is called a ________________.
• ROV stands for
• Which statement about closed-loop control is true regarding disturbances?
• What is the name of the 4 legged articulated rough-terrain robot that walks, runs, climbs, and carries heavy loads?
• Torque is the rotational force generated by a motor.
• Compared to open-loop, closed-loop systems are typically better at maintaining accuracy under changing loads.
• Which component is described as part of the mechanical DNA of robots?
• Which robot system gathers information about the environment through sensing?
• What does increasing the degrees of freedom primarily affect in a robotic system?